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US English-To Kill a Mockingbird: Historical Context

Equal Justice Initiative

https://lynchinginamerica.eji.org/

Freedom Riders

On May 4, 1961, a group of 13 African-American and white civil rights activists launched the Freedom Rides, a series of bus trips through the American South to protest segregation in interstate bus terminals. The Freedom Riders, who were recruited by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), a U.S. civil rights group, departed from Washington, D.C., and attempted to integrate facilities at bus terminals along the way into the Deep South. African-American Freedom Riders tried to use “whites-only” restrooms and lunch counters, and vice versa. In September 1961, the Interstate Commerce Commission issued regulations prohibiting segregation in bus and train stations nationwide.

To read more, click HERE.

The Jim Crow Laws

Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States. ... They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederate States of America, starting in 1896 with a "separate but equal" status for African Americans in railroad cars.

Civil rights and Racial Tensions

Scottsboro Trial

No crime in American history-- let alone a crime that never occurred-- produced as many trials, convictions, reversals, and retrials as did an alleged gang rape of two white girls by nine black teenagers on the Southern Railroad freight run from Chattanooga to Memphis on March 25, 1931. Over the course of the next two decades, the struggle for justice of the "Scottsboro Boys," as the black teens were called, made celebrities out of anonymities, launched and ended careers, wasted lives and produced heroes, opened southern juries to blacks, exacerbated sectional strife, and divided America's political. To read the full story, click HERE.

Related Historical Events

Great Depression
To Kill a Mockingbird was written during the Great depression, a time of soup kitchens and bread lines.

The Scottsboro Case (1931)
Nine black teenage boys were accused of rape by two white girls. The trials of the boys lasted six years, with convictions, reversals, and numerous retrials. These trials were given the name The Scottsboro Trials, made national headlines, and drastically intensified the debate about race and racism in America.

A Century of Segregation
Interactive timeline from the PBS.


Segregation timeline

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